منابع مشابه
Fairness realized with Observer
We examine the interference of fairness and observers in digital coin systems. Since copying of coins cannot be prevented cryptographically in anonymous off-line coin systems, double-spending detection is one of the major tasks. An observer is a tamper resistant device that prevents doublespending physically, i.e., Alice has no access to her coins and therefore she cannot copy them. Digital coi...
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In this paper, we document that realized variation measures constructed from high-frequency returns reveal a large degree of volatility risk in stock and index returns, where we characterize volatility risk by the extent to which forecasting errors in realized volatility are substantive. Even though returns standardized by ex post quadratic variation measures are nearly Gaussian, this unpredict...
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Economists often use event study methodology to evaluate the impact of new regulations on firms before there is enough data to empirically estimate the effects. This research investigates the degree to which event study methodology can provide useful information in this regard by studying how accurately markets predict the actual benefits associated with a new law. Specifically, I utilize a uni...
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A permutation π is realized by the shift on N symbols if there is an infinite word on an N -letter alphabet whose successive left shifts by one position are lexicographically in the same relative order as π. The set of realized permutations is closed under consecutive pattern containment. Permutations that cannot be realized are called forbidden patterns. It was shown in [J.M. Amigó, S. Elizald...
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ROM HARRE, Great scientific experiments, Oxford, Phaidon Press, 1981, 8vo, pp. 224, illus., £8.95. In little more than 200 pages Dr. Harre manages to describe the reasoning behind twenty experiments, the apparatus involved, and the results. They cover a wide range of sciences distributed between Aristotle's biology and quantum mechanics. The amount of information included is remarkable. For exa...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Kidney International
سال: 1998
ISSN: 0085-2538
DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.1998.00991.x